4E-BP1 counteracts human mesenchymal stem cell senescence via maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis

Although the mTOR-4E-BP1 signaling pathway is implicated in aging and aging-related disorders, the role of 4E-BP1 in regulating human stem cell homeostasis remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the expression of 4E-BP1 decreases along with the senescence of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Genetic inactivation of 4E-BP1 in hMSCs compromises mitochondrial respiration, increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and accelerates cellular senescence. Mechanistically, the absence of 4E-BP1 destabilizes proteins in mitochondrial respiration complexes, especially several key subunits of complex III including UQCRC2. Ectopic expression of 4E-BP1 attenuates mitochondrial abnormalities and alleviates cellular senescence in 4E-BP1-deficient hMSCs as well as in physiologically aged hMSCs. These f indings together demonstrate that 4E-BP1 functions as a geroprotector to mitigate human stem cell senescence and maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, particularly for the mitochondrial respiration complex III, thus providing a new potential target to counteract human stem cell senescence.

Epidemiological characteristics and risk prediction model of pulmonary infection in elderly patients in a hospital in Hebei Province / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of pulmonary infection in the elderly, and to construct a risk prediction model. Methods Stratified cluster sampling was used to randomly select 683 elderly patients in Zhangjiakou First Hospital as the investigation subjects. Sputum specimens were collected and sent for bacterial isolation, culture, identification, and drug sensitivity test. According to whether the patients had pulmonary infection, they were divided into pulmonary infection group (n=315) and non-pulmonary infection group (n=368). The clinical data of the two groups such as age, sex, COPD, and ICU admission were analyzed. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of pulmonary infection in elderly patients, and a risk prediction model was established. Results A total of 331 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in 315 patients with pulmonary infection, and there were 207 strains (62.54%) of gram-negative bacteria detected, mainly including 95 strains (28.70%) of Acinetobacter baumannii and 71 strains (21.45%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae. There were 169 strains (26.28%) of gram-positive bacteria detected, mainly 68 strains (20.54%) of Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, there were 25 strains of fungi (7.55%). There were no significant differences in gender, smoking history, history of COPD, asthma, and stroke between the two groups (P>0.05). The proportion of patients aged≥70, mechanical ventilation, admission to ICU and recent respiratory tract infection in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, smoking history, mechanical ventilation, and ICU admission were independent risk factors for pulmonary infection in elderly patients (P<0.05). According to the above four independent influencing factors and corresponding regression coefficient of each factor, the prediction model of pulmonary infection in elderly patients was constructed, Z=-5.948+1.198× (age) +1.281×(smoking history) +2.029×(mechanical ventilation) +1.211×(ICU admission). Conclusion Lung infection in elderly patients in our hospital is dominated by gram-negative bacilli. Antibiotics should be rationally selected according to drug sensitivity results. Age≥70 years old and COPD can increase the risk of pulmonary infection in elderly patients, and the prediction model constructed can effectively predict the occurrence of pulmonary infection in elderly patients.

Comparative evaluation of susceptibility testing methods for colistin and polymyxin B on isolates of Enterobacteriaceae / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To provide a promising and optimal laboratory susceptibility-testing method for the clinical usage of antibiotic (polymyxin), four susceptibility-testing methods were performed and the broth microdilution (BMD) was chosen as the gold standard.Methods:A total number of eighty-eight nonduplicate clinical Enterobacteriaceae specimes were collected from January to December of 2019 in the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University. Among the clinical specimens, of which six strains were positive for mcr-1. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of polymyxin of the clinical specimens were examined by the following methods: (1) broth microdilution, (2) colistin broth disk elution, (3) Vitek-2?, (4)BD PhoenixTM,(5)commercial broth microdilution. With BMD as reference, essential agreement (EA), categorical agreement(CA), very major error(VME) and major error (ME) of polymyxins for different methods were analyzed. The Kappa-consistency testing, paired Chi-square testing and the Spearman-rank correlation testing were used to analyze the consistency between the four antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods and the gold standard.Results:Taking broth microdilution as reference, the EA of colistin broth disk elution, Vitek-2?, BD PhoenixTM, commercial broth microdilution were 94.32% (83/88), 92.05% (81/88), 90.90% (80/88), and 96.59%(85/88), respectively. The CA of all the four methods were 100% (88/88). No VME and ME were recorded for four methods. Moreover, the consistency between four susceptibility testing methods and the gold standard is acceptable (Kappa values=1, P<0.001, McNemar test P=1 and r>0.5, P<0.05). Conclusions:In the present work, four susceptibility testing methods all met the standards recommended jointly by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, of which the performance of the commercial broth microdilution and CBDE fared relatively well. Thus, these four methods could be routinely used in clinical microbiology laboratory of our hospital for colistin and polymyxin B susceptibility testing.

Mechanism of promoting wound healing by modified autologous blood transfusion in diabetic mice: relationship with MALAT1 / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the mechanism of promoting wound healing by modified autologous blood transfusion and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 ( MALAT1) in diabetic mice. Methods:Twenty SPF ICR mice, weighing 21-25 g, in which the diabetic model was successfully established, were divided into 2 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: modified preservation group (group I) and ordinary preservation group (group O). Peripheral venous blood samples were collected and stored in the corresponding preservation solution for 7 days.The platelet aggregation rate, blood glucose, serum glycosylated hemoglobin (GHB) and phosphodiesterase (DPG) concentrations and WBC were measured.Autologous blood was transfused back immediately after the wound model was established.The percentage of wound healing area was calculated at 7, 10 and 14 days after autologous blood transfusion.The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, β-actin, type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ), Col Ⅲ protein and mRNA and MALAT1 was determined by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction respectively, at 14 days after transfusion. Results:Compared with group O, the blood glucose, serum concentrations of GHB and DPG, and WBC were significantly decreased, platelet aggregation rate was increased, the percentage of wound healing area was increased, the positive staining rate of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ was increased, and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, ColⅠ, Col Ⅲ and β-actin protein and mRNA and MALAT1 was up-regulated in group I ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which modified autologous blood transfusion promotes wound healing may be related to up-regulating MALAT1 expression in diabetic mice.

SIRT7 antagonizes human stem cell aging as a heterochromatin stabilizer

SIRT7, a sirtuin family member implicated in aging and disease, is a regulator of metabolism and stress responses. It remains elusive how human somatic stem cell populations might be impacted by SIRT7. Here, we found that SIRT7 expression declines during human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) aging and that SIRT7 deficiency accelerates senescence. Mechanistically, SIRT7 forms a complex with nuclear lamina proteins and heterochromatin proteins, thus maintaining the repressive state of heterochromatin at nuclear periphery. Accordingly, deficiency of SIRT7 results in loss of heterochromatin, de-repression of the LINE1 retrotransposon (LINE1), and activation of innate immune signaling via the cGAS-STING pathway. These aging-associated cellular defects were reversed by overexpression of heterochromatin proteins or treatment with a LINE1 targeted reverse-transcriptase inhibitor. Together, these findings highlight how SIRT7 safeguards chromatin architecture to control innate immune regulation and ensure geroprotection during stem cell aging.

SIRT7 antagonizes human stem cell aging as a heterochromatin stabilizer

SIRT7, a sirtuin family member implicated in aging and disease, is a regulator of metabolism and stress responses. It remains elusive how human somatic stem cell populations might be impacted by SIRT7. Here, we found that SIRT7 expression declines during human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) aging and that SIRT7 deficiency accelerates senescence. Mechanistically, SIRT7 forms a complex with nuclear lamina proteins and heterochromatin proteins, thus maintaining the repressive state of heterochromatin at nuclear periphery. Accordingly, deficiency of SIRT7 results in loss of heterochromatin, de-repression of the LINE1 retrotransposon (LINE1), and activation of innate immune signaling via the cGAS-STING pathway. These aging-associated cellular defects were reversed by overexpression of heterochromatin proteins or treatment with a LINE1 targeted reverse-transcriptase inhibitor. Together, these findings highlight how SIRT7 safeguards chromatin architecture to control innate immune regulation and ensure geroprotection during stem cell aging.

Modeling CADASIL vascular pathologies with patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a rare hereditary cerebrovascular disease caused by a NOTCH3 mutation. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unidentified. Here, we generated non-integrative induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from fibroblasts of a CADASIL patient harboring a heterozygous NOTCH3 mutation (c.3226C>T, p.R1076C). Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) differentiated from CADASIL-specific iPSCs showed gene expression changes associated with disease phenotypes, including activation of the NOTCH and NF-κB signaling pathway, cytoskeleton disorganization, and excessive cell proliferation. In comparison, these abnormalities were not observed in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) derived from the patient's iPSCs. Importantly, the abnormal upregulation of NF-κB target genes in CADASIL VSMCs was diminished by a NOTCH pathway inhibitor, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for CADASIL. Overall, using this iPSC-based disease model, our study identified clues for studying the pathogenic mechanisms of CADASIL and developing treatment strategies for this disease.

Telomere-dependent and telomere-independent roles of RAP1 in regulating human stem cell homeostasis

RAP1 is a well-known telomere-binding protein, but its functions in human stem cells have remained unclear. Here we generated RAP1-deficient human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by using CRISPR/Cas9 technique and obtained RAP1-deficient human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and neural stem cells (hNSCs) via directed differentiation. In both hMSCs and hNSCs, RAP1 not only negatively regulated telomere length but also acted as a transcriptional regulator of RELN by tuning the methylation status of its gene promoter. RAP1 deficiency enhanced self-renewal and delayed senescence in hMSCs, but not in hNSCs, suggesting complicated lineage-specific effects of RAP1 in adult stem cells. Altogether, these results demonstrate for the first time that RAP1 plays both telomeric and nontelomeric roles in regulating human stem cell homeostasis.

Effects of different hemoglobin concentrations on lung injury in a rabbit model of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the effect of different hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations on the lung injury in a rabbit model of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HS-R).@*Methods@#Fifty healthy male New Zealand rabbits, aged 2 months, weighing 1.9-2.4 kg, were divided into 5 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), HS-R group (group H), and three HS-R plus infusion of concentrated red blood cell groups group R1 (60 g/L≤Hb<80 g/L), group R2 (80 g/L≤Hb<100 g/L) and group R3 (100 g/L≤Hb<120 g/L). The animals were sacrificed at 3 h after resuscitation, lung tissues were obtained for examination of the pathological changes with a light microscope, and lung tissues were obtained again for determination of wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO), NO level and cell apoptosis (by TUNEL).@*Results@#Compared with group C, the levels of MAP and NO, W/D ratio and apoptosis index were significantly increased in the other groups (P<0.05). Compared with group H, the levels of MAP and NO, W/D ratio and apoptosis index were significantly decreased in R2 and R3 groups (P<0.05). Compared with group R2, the apoptosis index was significantly increased at T5(P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the other parameters in group R3 (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Maintaining Hb 80-100 g/L after HS-R reduces acute lung injury in rabbits.

Effects of different hemoglobin concentrations on lung injury in a rabbit model of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of different hemoglobin(Hb)concentrations on the lung injury in a rabbit model of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation(HS-R).Methods Fifty healthy male New Zealand rabbits,aged 2 months,weighing 1.9-2.4 kg,were divided into 5 groups(n＝10 each)u-sing a random number table method: control group(group C),HS-R group(group H),and three HS-R plus infusion of concentrated red blood cell groups group R1(60 g/L≤Hb＜80 g/L),group R2(80 g/L≤Hb＜100 g/L)and group R3(100 g/L≤Hb＜120 g/L).The animals were sacrificed at 3 h after resuscita-tion,lung tissues were obtained for examination of the pathological changes with a light microscope,and lung tissues were obtained again for determination of wet to dry weight ratio(W/D ratio),neutrophil my-eloperoxidase(MPO),NO level and cell apoptosis(by TUNEL).Results Compared with group C,the levels of MAP and NO,W/D ratio and apoptosis index were significantly increased in the other groups(P＜0.05).Compared with group H,the levels of MAP and NO,W/D ratio and apoptosis index were signifi-cantly decreased in R2 and R3 groups(P＜0.05).Compared with group R2,the apoptosis index was signif-icantly increased at T5(P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the other parameters in group R3(P>0.05).Conclusion Maintaining Hb 80-100 g/L after HS-R reduces acute lung injury in rabbits.

Effect of allogeneic blood transfusion and preoperative autologous blood donation on perioperative immune function in patients with gastrointestinal tumor / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of allogeneic transfusion and preoperative autologous blood donation on perioperative cellular immunity and humoral immunity in patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms.Methods Sixty gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing radical surgery,33 males and 27 females,aged 53 69 years,weighing 47-70 kg,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were included in this study.Blood transfusion was started when the blood loss was more than 200～400 ml,Hb＜70 g/L,and the patients were randomly divided into the preoperative autologous blood donation group (group P,n =30):intraoperative blood transfusion using the stored autologous blood transfusion;allogeneic blood transfusion group (group A,n =30):allogeneic blood transfusion.The levels of T lymphocyte subsets,NK cells and IL-2,IL-10,TNF-α,perforin (PF) concentration and plasma immunoglobulin IgG,IgA and IgM levels.Results The percentage of CD3+,CD4+,NK cells and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in group A at the end of surgery to 7 d after operation were significantly lower than those at the time of admission (P＜0.05).The percentage of CD3+,CD4+ (P＜ 0.05).The level of IL-2 in group A was significantly lower than that in group P (P＜0.05) 1-7 d after operation,and the level of IL-10 in group A was significantly higher than that in group P (P＜ 0.05).The levels of IgG and IgA 3 d after operation in group A were significantly lower than those in group P (P＜0.05).The levels of IgG and IgA in group P were significantly decreased at the end of operation and recovered to preoperative levels 1-3 d after operation (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Allogeneic blood transfusion can reduce the percentage of T-cell subsets and NK cells in cancer patients and delay their recovery,and also can transiently reduce the content of immunoglobulin IgG and IgA in plasma and thus affect the immune function of patients.However,the preoperative autologous blood donation has a slight effect on postoperative immune function in cancer patients.

Role of nutritional support in the treatment of infants with primary chylous reflux obstacle / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional support in the treatment of primary chylous reflux obstacle caused by primary lymphatic dysplasia among infants and investigate the effects of the essential components of therapeutic formula milk in treating this disease.Methods Seven infants,who were diagnosed at Beijing Shijitan Hospital between 2012 and 2014 with primary chylous reflux obstacle and aged (8.9±4.6) months at the onset,were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate effectiveness of the nutrition support and prognosis of the disease.Results After personalized enteral nutrition support (using proteins,short peptides and medium-chain triglyceride) of (8.3±2.8) months,heights and weights of all the seven infants were kept between the 3rd and 97th percentile lines,and the growth curve showed onward and upward trend.Their plasma albumin levels reached (43.7±4.4) g/L.The infants defecated 1-2 times a day and the texture of feces was formed and soft with yellow color.Conclusion Clinical symptoms and physical signs of the seven infants were improved after nutrition support,which contributed to the recovery.

Effect of storage autologous blood component transfusion versus storage autologous whole blood transfusion on cellular immune function and hemorheology in patients undergoing spinal surgery / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To compare the effect of storage autologous blood component transfusion versus storage autologous whole blood transfusion on the cellular immune function and hemorheology in the patients undergoing spinal surgery.Methods Forty patients of both sexes,aged 32-60 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,undergoing elective multilevel spinal surgery,were divided into 2 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:stored autologous whole blood transfusion group (group A) and stored autologous blood component transfusion group (group B).Before blood sampling (T0),immediately after blood sampling (T1) and at the end of surgery (T2),arterial blood samples were collected for determination of red blood cell count (RBC),hemoglobin (Hb),hematocrit (Hct),erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI) and erythrocyte rigidity index (ERI).Venous blood samples were collected at T0,T2 and on day 6 after surgery (T3),the distribution of T lymphocyte subsets (percentage of CD3+,CD4+ and NK cells) was measured,and CD4+/CD8+ ratio was calculated.Results Compared with the baseline at T0,the percentage of CD3+,CD4+ and NK cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly decreased at T2,3 in group A and at T2 in group B,and RBC,Hb and Hct were significantly decreased at T1,and EAI and ERI were decreased at T1,2 in two groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group A,the percentage of CD3+,CD4+ and NK cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly increased at T3 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in RBC,Hb,Hct,EAI or ERI at each time point in group B (P＞0.05).Conclusion The effect of storage autologous blood component transfusion on cellular immune function is mitigated than that of storage autologous blood transfusion and the effects on hemorheology are comparable in the patients undergoing spinal surgery.

Tryptophan metabolism in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia with high dose of dexamethasone / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To test whether the tryptophan metabolism was abnormal in newly diagnosed ITP patients as well as in these patients after treatment with dexamethasone.@*Methods@#Newly diagnosed patients with ITP between Jan 2014 and May 2015 were enrolled, including 14 females and 11 males, with a median age of 57 years and a median PLT count of 16 (0-32) ×109/L. All patients were treated with oral dexamethasone. The expression levels of IDO mRNA and TTS mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. ELISA was used to test the concentrations of IDO and TTS in serum. The concentrations of plasma kynurenine and tryptophan were detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Samples from healthy individuals were tested as controls.@*Results@#①After dexamethasone treatment, 17 patients resulted in persistent remission, 2 cases were ineffective, and relapse occurred in 6 cases at a median follow-up of 11 (6-18) months. ②Before and after dexamethasone treatment, the relative expression of indoleamine2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mRNA and tryptophanyl t-RNA synthetase (TTS) mRNA showed that there were significant decline in persistent remission group (2.54±0.86 vs 19.85±5.36, t=3.188, P=0.003; 0.68±0.19 vs 45.39±15.83, t=2.842, P=0.008) , compared with the normal control group, the difference was not statistically significant (t=2.313, P=0.027; t=1.127, P=0.268) . After treatment, the IDO concentration decreased [ (19.34±0.42) U/ml] and the TTS concentration was markedly increased [ (13.37±0.54) μg/L] in sustained remission group compared with that before treatment [ (21.91±0.37) U/ml] as well as that in normal controls. In particularly, abnormal tryptophan catabolism could be recovered in these 17 patients with persistent remission [Try: (19.85±5.36) μmol/L vs (19.65±4.55) μmol/L, t=1.027, P=0.311; Kyn: (0.56±0.26) μmol/L vs (0.58±0.23) μmol/L, t=2.075, P=0.448]. ③There was no obviously difference in the relative expression of IDO mRNA and TTS mRNA, the concentration of IDO and TTS and the abnormal tryptophan catabolism between before and after treatment of dexamethasone in patients without response and relapsed patients (all P>0.01) .@*Conclusion@#The tryptophan catabolism was abnormal in ITP patients, and it could be recovered in patients with persistent remission.

Exploration of the Medication Regularity of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Obesity Based on Text Mining Techniques / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study aimed at analyzing the medication regularity based on differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for losing weight using text mining technique.All the references over losing weight were retrieved in CNKI,Wangfang Database,VIP Database and Pubmed.The drugs from the references were classified in accordance with drug property,drug flavor,channel tropism and drug efficacy.Frequency and constituent ratio of a single drug in TCM prescriptions for losing weight were put into analysis using chi square test and factor analysis to find out the medication regularity.It was found that the properties of TCM drugs in the prescriptions contained both cold and warm,while the flavors of the drugs involved pungent,sweet and light.The channel tropism of the drugs mainly belonged to spleen meridian,liver meridian,stomach meridian and lung meridian.They were mostly tonic,relieving,blood-activating,qi regulating,inhibiting-damp and antipyretic drugs.Through factor analysis we found that the common formula compatibilities were concluded as:cassia seed,lotus leaf,hawthorn,salvia miltiorrhiza,polygonum cuspidatum and radix polygonum multiflorum;capillary artemisia,epimedium herb,stephania tetrandra and ligusticum wallichii;dried tangerine peel,pinellia ternata and poria cocos;plantain seed,pericarpium arecae and selfheal;paeonia lactiflora,angelica sinensis,scutellaria baicalensis and ligusticum wallichii;poria cocos,cassia twig,atractylodes and glycyrrhiza;immature bitter orange and bark of magnolia;radix bupleuri,lycium chinensis and jujube;Chinese yam and coix seed;and astragalus,pueraria lobata and polygonatum.In conclusion,formula compatibility mainly combined syndrome differentiation with disease differentiation for the treatment of obesity in clinic,using the drugs belonging to liver meridian,spleen meridian,stomach meridian and lung meridian with the flavors of sweet,bitterness or pungent and the nature of both warm and cold.

Application of Mixture Uniform Design in Optimizing the Proportion and Releasing Mechanism Study of GA and GB Hydrophilic Gel Matrix Tablets / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To optimize the prescription of GA and GB hydrophilic gel matrix tablets; To study the in vitro release mechanism. Methods On the basis of the results of the mono-factor investigation, mixture uniform design was used to optimize the handicraft molding prescription of GA and GB hydrophilic gel matrix tablets. The release mechanism was investigated by the vitro of the GA and GB hydrophilic gelmatrix tablets to accumulate releasing rate to conduct linear fitting. Results The optimized prescription of GA and GB hydrophilic gel matrix tablets was: powder: HPMC: lactose=23:24:53. Conclusion Mixture uniform design can be used to optimize the prescriptions of GA and GB hydrophilic gel matrix tablets, and the results are accurate. The hydrophilic gelmatrix tablets release medicine by non-Fick mechanism, and the medicine release is in accordance with zero-order.

Incidence and risk factors for breast cancer-related lymphedema:a retrospective cohort study / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To determine the incidence of breast cancer?related lymphedema ( BCRL) in China and to analyze the associated risk factors. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data and the incidence of BCRL in 281 patients who were newly diagnosed with breast cancer and received surgery. The incidence of BCRL was evaluated using arm circumference measurement and Norman questionnaire. The risk factors for lymphedema were analyzed using chi?square test and logistic regression model. Results In all patients,the incidence rates of BCRL determined by arm circumference measurement and Norman questionnaire were 31?7% and 27?0%, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that postoperative radiotherapy,a preoperative body mass index no less than 24 kg/m2 ,a large axillary lymph node dissection area,and a large number of positive axillary lymph nodes significantly increased the risk of BCRL (HR=2?87,P=0?042;HR=2?54,P=0?011;HR=1?97,P=0?037;HR=1?06,P=0?023). Moreover, patients with breast cancer and hypertension had 1?74?fold higher risk of BCRL than those with normal blood pressure. Conclusions The incidence of BCRL is still very high. However,most of patients only have mild edema. Postoperative radiotherapy, a large axillary lymph node dissection area, a large number of positive axillary lymph nodes,a high preoperative body mass index,and hypertension are risk factors for BCRL.

The inhibiting effects of low dose radiation on dendritic growth of newborn neurons in rat hippocampus / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of low dose radiation on dendritic growth of newborn neurons in the hippocampus of young rat.Methods One month-old male rats were randomized into radiation group aind sham control group.Radiation group received whole brain irradiation at a single dose of 2 Gy.Retrovirus expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used to label newborn neurons in the hippocampus through stereotaxic intracranial infusion.Immunofluorescence assays were performed to detect dendritic architecture alterations induced by irradiation at different time points.Results Compared with control group,the lengths of total dendrite and the longest dendrite significantly decreased at 2 and 4 weeks after irradiation (t =3.10,2.07,2.94,4.02,P ＜ 0.05).The branching points of new born neurons were also decreased significantly at 2 weeks post irradiation (t =2.23,P ＜ 0.05).The number of new born neurons reduced at 4 weeks post irradiation (t =8.43,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Low dose radiation could inhibit newborn neuron growth in the hippocampus of young rat,which may be one of the most important mechanisms involved in radiation-induced cognitive impairment.

Prognostic significance of monosomal karyotype in acute myeloid leukemia / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the prognostic significance of monosomal karyotype (MK) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 498 AML patients were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 498 patients, 233 (46.8%) cases had an abnormal karyotype. 42 patients fulfilled the criteria for MK, which were 8.4% of all cases and 18.0% of patients with abnormal karyotype, respectively. The most frequent autosomal monosomies were -7 and -17. 70 patients had complex karyotype (CK), in all patients and patients with abnormal karyotype accounted for 14.1% and 30.0%, respectively. Patients with MK were associated with significantly older (median age 62.5 vs 52 years, P=0.003), and lower HGB concentrations (62.5 vs 77 g/L, P=0.009) and lower WBC counts (7.0×10⁹/L vs 11.7×10⁹/L, P=0.008). Among MK cases, the most frequent chromosome abnormalities were complex karyotype, -7, -5, 7q-, and 5q-. In univariate analysis, MK patients had worse survival than those without MK (7.3 months vs 26.3 months, P<0.001). CK patients also had poorer outcomes than patients without CK (14.8 months vs 26.3 months, P<0.001). In CK patients, survival was worse in MK patients than patients without MK (7.4 months vs 19.2 months, P=0.007). By COX analysis, MK was an independent prognostic factor, beyond NCCN criteria and CK [HR=2.610 (1.632-4.175), P<0.001].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MK was an independent adverse prognostic factor in AML patients.</p>

Proteomic comparison between effective and ineffective etreatment of HAART in viraemia patients / 中华检验医学杂志

ObjectiveTo find specific biomarkers related to HAART treatment in plasma samples of AIDS patients for clinical therapeautic efficacy evaluation and guidance for the prognosis of HIV treatment.MethodPlasma samples of AIDS patients were collected from Infectious Disease Department 1 of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center in June of 2008 to February of 2009,including 11 successfully HAART treated cases (HIV load ＞ 50 copies/ml) and 11 unsuccessfully HAART treated cases (HIV load ＜50 copies/ml).Patients' age ranged from 22 to 63.Plasma samples were treated by Bio-rad AurumTM Serum Protein Mini Kit to remove high abundant proteins:albumin and immunoglobulin were removed.The treatedplasmaproteinswereseparatedbytwo-dimensionalelectrophoresisandanalyzedby electrophoretogram using Imagemaster software to find differentially-expressed proteins related to therapeutic efficacy.After digestion by trypsin,the differentially-expressed proteins were identified by online reversed-phasenano-flow liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry.ResultsLow abundant proteins were efficiently enriched after the AurumTM Serum Protein Mini Kit treatment.Six differentially-expressed proteins were detected while comparing successfully and unsuccessfully HAART treated group.These proteins were accurately identified by tandem Mass spectrometry (MS), including serum transferrin, serum β-fibrinogen, etc.ConclusionsOur proteomic research revealed that the differentially-expressed proteins such as transferrin,which is related to plasma virus loading in AIDS patients in the process of treatment,might be potential biomarkers evaluating HAART therapeutic efficacy.